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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Effective Ultramarathon Pacing Strategies on Road and Trail: A Narrative Review

Owen R. Thornton

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports · pp. 1–11 · Published 21 Mar 2023

10.9734/ajarr/2023/v17i4474

Abstract

Since the inaugural Comrades Marathon in 1921, ultramarathons have witnessed remarkable growth, with a recent surge in both participation and spectator interest. As performance improvement becomes a priority for researchers and ultramarathon runners, understanding pacing strategies, which greatly impact performance, is essential. Pacing strategies for ultramarathon runners can differ substantially based on factors such as age, distance, performance level, and the competition environment. These strategies can help overcome speed drops, especially when running on mountainous or flat terrain, and aid in implementing precooling strategies for improved running. However, no study has fully explored the distinct pacing techniques required for ultramarathons on hilly terrain compared to level roads or tracks. This review aims to provide researchers, coaches, and ultramarathon competitors with a better understanding of pacing processes and strategies across various terrains. It synthesizes effective pacing strategies from existing literature on mountain and track ultramarathons, highlighting similarities, differences, and potential gaps in knowledge. By doing so, this review aims to help ultramarathon participants more effectively comprehend and apply pacing tactics across a range of terrains.

Competition environment pacing strategies performance improvement terrain differences ultramarathons

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Cited by 4

Pacing Strategy and Resulting Performance of Elite Trail Runners: Insights From the 2023 World Mountain and Trail Running Championships

Diego Jaén-Carrillo, Arcadi Margarit-Boscà, Felipe García-Pinillos · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · 2025

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