Effect of Urea and Zinc Sulphate on Mash Crop (Vigna mungo L.): A Review

Abstract

The sustainable cultivation of mash bean (Vigna mungo L.) holds significant importance in agricultural systems, particularly in regions challenged by soil nutrient deficiencies and climate variability. As a protein-rich pulse crop, mash bean production is often constrained by imbalanced fertilization practices and low micronutrient availability, notably nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn). This review explores the synergistic and individual effects of urea and zinc sulphate application on mash bean physiology, growth, yield, and grain quality. Urea serves as a primary nitrogen source that boosts vegetative growth and chlorophyll synthesis, while zinc sulphate, a key micronutrient, supports enzymatic activities, protein synthesis, and reproductive development. The review synthesizes findings from recent experimental studies, including foliar and soil application strategies, nutrient uptake dynamics, and physiological responses in mash crops. Insights from zinc-coated urea and precision fertilization techniques are also included to highlight improvements in nitrogen use efficiency and crop productivity. By collating scientific evidence, this paper offers a comprehensive perspective on the effective integration of urea and zinc sulphate in mash bean agronomy, paving the way for enhanced food security, sustainable soil management, and optimized yield outcomes.