Effect of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Nano-Urea on Agronomic Properties of Radish Crops

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nano-urea, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) on seed germination and various growth parameters of Raphanus sativus L. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replicates per treatment and a total of eight treatments. Both nano-urea and IAA were applied through foliar spray whereas P and K were given as in-soil treatment. The seed germination centage was measured on the 14th day after sowing. The results demonstrated that all treatments improved seed germination compared to the control. Nano-urea alone increased the germination percentage from 40.83% to 54.16%, while the combination of nano-urea and IAA further enhanced it to 67.5%. The highest germination percentage of 75.83% was achieved with the simultaneous application of nano-urea, IAA, P and K. Additionally, the treatments influenced the number of leaves at different stages of growth. The treatment with IAA, nano-urea, P and K resulted in the highest leaf count of 61.26. Moreover, the length of leaves, roots, and shoots were significantly affected by the treatments. The combination of foliar applications of IAA (auxin) and nano-urea; and in soil treatments of P and K resulted in the longest leaf, root, and shoot lengths. These findings highlight the positive effects of the tested treatments on seed germination and various growth parameters of Raphanus sativus L. The results contribute to our understanding of the potential applications of nano-urea, IAA, P and K in improving crop productivity and growth. This information can aid in the development of sustainable agricultural practices for enhanced crop performance and yield.