Economic and Productivity Impacts of Climate-Responsive Soybean Farming Practices in Semi-Arid Adilabad of Telangana, India

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of different climate change adaptation practices on the productivity and profitability of soybean cultivation in a semi-arid Adilabad of Telangana and to identify the most economically viable climate-resilient practice for enhancing farmers’ income. Study design:  A comparative and analytical research design was adopted. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Adilabad district of Telangana state during the agricultural year June 2024 to October 2024. Methodology: A purposive sampling technique was used to select 90 soybean farmers, categorized into three groups of 30 farmers each based on adaptation practices: (A) proper sowing window June15th to July10th with medium-duration varieties such as JS 335 & AISB 50 with duration of 95-100 days, (B) late sowing with medium-duration varieties, and (C) late sowing with long-duration varieties such as KDS 726, KDS 756 etc. with duration of 100-115 days. Primary data were collected using structured interview schedules. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, standard cost concepts, Adaptation Strategy Use Index (ASUI) to assess the extent of adaptation, and partial budget analysis to estimate economic gains from alternative practices. Results: Farmers perceived significant climatic changes, particularly delayed monsoon onset and erratic rainfall, adversely affecting soybean production. Common adaptation strategies included timely sowing, intercropping, and improved irrigation scheduling. Among the three practices, farmers adopting proper sowing within the recommended window with medium-duration varieties (Practice A) achieved higher yields and superior economic returns. Partial budget analysis indicated that Practice A generated an additional net profit of ₹8,706.88 per hectare compared to late sowing practices (Practices B and C), demonstrating greater economic viability under climate variability. Conclusion: Sowing soybean within the optimal window using medium-duration varieties is the most effective climate-resilient strategy under semi-arid conditions. Wider promotion of this practice through targeted extension interventions and climate-responsive policy support can enhance farm income and strengthen resilience to climate variability.