Ecological Assessment and QGIS-Based Resource Mapping of Nypa fruticans (Nipa) (Wurmb, 1779) in Catarman, Northern Samar, Philippines

Abstract

In Catarman, Northern Samar, approximately 15 typhoons enter the region annually, intensifying the importance of resilient coastal vegetation. Nypa fruticans (Wurmb, 1779) supports biodiversity by providing habitat for various species and plays a crucial role in stabilising coastlines. This study assessed the ecological function and resilience of Nypa fruticans to the physicochemical properties of its environment. QGIS mapping was used for the interpretation of the Nipa population distribution by determining the total area of the study site and the number of Nipa trees by spacing distance per square meter area. It involved the evaluation of nipa population distribution, water quality parameters (DO, pH, salinity, temperature, TDS, TSS, turbidity), soil characteristics (moisture, pH, porosity, temperature, and soil type), the presence of macrofauna, and anthropogenic activities in the area. Identification of Macrofauna was done through direct observation, collection of the macrofauna, and photo documentation in the study site during the morning and survey during the afternoon. QGIS-based spatial analysis identified a dense Nipa population in Map A, covering 7,275 ft² with 354 groups per acre across all three sampling sites. These findings indicate a robust habitat that supports active species propagation and dispersal. Most water quality indicators complied with the DENR 2016 standards, except for DO and TSS, which exceeded the allowable limits. Soil moisture, pH, porosity, and temperature remained within acceptable ranges, and the dominant soil types were classified as dark brown and silt clay loam. However, low nitrogen, moderate phosphorus, and low potassium levels were observed, potentially limiting nipa growth and affecting leaf, root, and overall plant resilience. Macrofauna species exhibited tolerance to environmental fluctuations but showed sensitivity to pollution, which may lead to increased mortality and reduced biodiversity. Additionally, anthropogenic disturbances such as pollution and habitat destruction pose further threats to the local ecosystem. The study showed that the study area requires environmental impact assessment, sustainable resource management, public health, and Nipa palm seedlings had a higher survival rate than mangrove propagules. This study underscores the intricate balance between Nypa fruticans’ ecological contributions, environmental quality, and human activity, highlighting the need for informed conservation and management strategies.