Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anaemia amongst Pregnant Women at the Tamale Technical University Hospital, Ghana: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences on human health as well as social and economic development. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in developing countries. The study's goal is to determine the prevalence of anaemia and its risk factors among pregnant women receiving prenatal treatment at the Tamale Technical University Hospital. Methods: The study design used in this research was a quantitative cross-sectional study among pregnant women who attended antenatal care at Tamale Technical University Hospital. A total of 183 consenting participants were sampled, with questionnaires and antenatal records books used as major instruments for data collection. Results: Results of recent data analysis have shown that the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women at their current visits to the ANC of Tamale Technical University Hospital was found to be 59%. A Chi-square analysis revealed a strong correlation of clinical significance between the current hemoglobin level (Hb) and the educational level (P = 0.029), parity (P = 0.032), gestational age (P = 0.029), number of meals eaten per day (P = 0.013), and sleeping under a long-lasting insecticide net (P = 0.041). Conclusion: The significant prevalence of anaemia during pregnancy might result in adverse effects for both the mother and the newborn. Proactive steps must be implemented to address the risk factors that predispose individuals to anaemia during pregnancy. The study underscores the need of early diagnosis and targeted interventions, including nutritional supplementation, health education, and improved access to quality prenatal care.