Newborn Neurological Assessment, Basics of Clinical Practices

Abstract

The purpose of a neurological examination of the newborn is to determine a normal neurological condition and to detect abnormal conditions. The examination includes assessment of the central and peripheral nervous system and observation of posture, muscle tone, strength, reflexes and symmetry. Abnormal assessments may indicate neurological problems. As a rule, neurological maturity varies according to gestational age. Systematic physical examinations usually detect neurological defects. Early detection is crucial as plasticity is greater in early life. Despite developments in neuroimaging and neurophysiological technologies, clinical neurological examinations still have their importance. Performing a timely neurological assessment can speed up the diagnostic process and enable the swift administration of advantageous therapies. This is specifically applicable in situations that require therapeutic hypothermia to be initiated within six hours or sooner, as evaluation of neurologic status plays a crucial part in identifying the necessity for intervention. Neurophysiological technologies can be difficult due to immaturity and reduced myelination in neonates. This article aims to provide readers with a better understanding of the few basic concepts of neurological assessment in neonates.