Drought Resistance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)

Abstract

Wheat is a grain crop that is farmed all over the world for bread, chapati, and biscuits. Specific wheat breeding and quality development projects that result in high-yielding, genetically superior, disease resistant varieties of desirable quality that are adaptive to growing conditions. Drought is one of the most important factors affecting crop productivity and yield. Drought stress has a variety of effects on crops, including molecular, physiological, biochemical responses and morphological.  Wheat has numerous genes that control drought tolerance and produce a variety of proteins and enzymes, including Responsive to abscisic acid (Rab), late embryogenesis abundant (lea), proline, ligase, rubisco, carbohydrates and antioxidant enzyme (GST). The influence of water shortage on the morphological, biochemical, molecular and physiological responses of wheat to possible drought stress losses was the subject of this review research. Drought is a state in which soil moisture is decreased, resulting in a variety of agricultural changes. Drought reduces crop yield and leads to crop failure. It has an impact on morphology, agricultural productivity and other factors. The vegetative, reproductive which are essential growth stages are affected. Some plants have mechanism to tolerate those conditions. Nearly 50% of the crop production has decreased due to droughts. The various approaches like Quantitative trait locus (QTL) are employed for drought tolerance. Punjab produces 125 metric tonnes of wheat (in lakh metric tonnes), Madhya Pradesh(113.38MT), Haryana (70.65 MT) and Uttar Pradesh (70.65 MT) are the averages (20.39MT) whereas Rajasthan (10.63 MT). The review gives details on latest innovations for the development of resistant genotypes.