Assessment of Hepatic and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Alterations in Workers Exposed to Automobile Body Paint Spraying at Angwan Rogo and Farin-Gada Market Workshops, Jos-North LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study aims at ascertaining the effects of prolonged exposure to automobile spray paint on liver function enzyme and non-enzyme biomarkers, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers in automobile body painters at Angwan Rogo and Farin-Gada Market Workshop, Jos-North LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria. One hundred and thirty (130) healthy human volunteer subjects of ages 18-55 years were recruited at two different sites and grouped into five according to their duration in the profession: Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (1-6 years), Group 3 (7-12 years), Group 4 (13-18 years) and Group 5 (19 years and above). An informed consent form was administered to them to seek their approval for participation in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was also administered to them in order to collect their bio-data and their knowledge of automobile spray painting. Both liver function and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined using spectrophotometric method. The findings reveal a significant increase (p < 0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, particularly in workers with longer exposure durations, indicating potential hepatocellular injury. Additionally, variations in total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and bilirubin levels suggest systemic metabolic disturbances. Furthermore, oxidative stress biomarkers exhibit notable alterations, including a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels, alongside an elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA), implicating oxidative stress as a key mechanism of toxicity. These biochemical changes corroborate prior research, reinforcing concerns regarding occupational exposure to toxic compounds in automotive paints. The study underscores the urgent need for enhanced workplace safety measures, including adequate ventilation, protective equipment, and routine health assessments for spray painters. Future research should explore long-term health consequences and potential mitigation strategies to reduce occupational hazards in this industry.