Diversity Analysis of Insect Pests of Apple and Apricot in the Trans-Himalayan Region

Abstract

Apple (Malus domestica) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca) are significant temperate fruit crops that are widely cultivated in the cold-arid, high-altitude regions of Ladakh, particularly in the Leh district. While these areas provide ideal conditions for fruit production, the presence of insect pests often limits yields and affects fruit quality. However, little is known about the diversity and population patterns of these pests in such challenging agro-climatic zones. To bridge this gap, this study was conducted during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons to document and analyse the diversity of insect pests in apple and apricot orchards across three blocks in Leh: Leh, Saspol, and Khaltsi. Surveys were carried out using standard entomological methods, including visual inspection, handpicking, and various traps. Pest data were analysed using ecological indices, such as Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index, Margalef’s species richness, and Pielou’s evenness index. Results revealed notable variation in pest diversity.