Dimensions of Pathophysiology of COVID 19 on the Body Systems and Its Implication for Investigations, Treatment and Further Studies

Abstract

Introduction: The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic is a continuing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), result in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By May 27th, 2020, over 5.61 million people have been infected with COVID 19 across the globe in over 200 countries with more than 350,000 deaths. So far more than 2.3 million people have recovered from the COVID 19 pandemic. Objective: To review literatures associated with various pathophysiology on the body systems identified and published so as to guide effective management of patient with COVID 19. To highlight some pathological dimensions of the systems significantly affected by COVID 19 to identify gaps for the enhancement of further studies. Methodology: The LILACS-BIREME, SCIELO, PUBMED, ACADEMIA, SCIENCE DOMAIN databases and some textbooks were accessed for the study. Scientific papers published in English between January and May, 2020 on the pathophysiology of COVID 19 were reviewed. A total of 89 reports published between 1st January 2020 to 29th May 2020 were identified and reviewed. Sixty-seven publications meeting the inclusion criterion on COVID 19 pathophysiology were selected for this review. Finally, an analysis was conducted and the papers were assessed in agreement with the study objectives. Results and Discussion: The review has discovered different pathophysiological changes on about seven body systems namely respiratory, cardiovascular, hematological, nervous, urinary, digestive and reproductive systems. Conclusion: There are a lot of pathophysiological dimensions that have devastating effect on the body systems which may need immediate investigations, treatment and further studies.