Design and Fabrication of a Low-Cost Mechanical Deseeding Machine for Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Pods

Abstract

Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a highly nutritious and economically important crop widely cultivated for its pods, leaves, and seeds. The seeds are valuable for oil extraction, medicinal applications, and water purification purposes. However, deseeding of mature moringa pods is predominantly carried out manually, which is labour-intensive, time-consuming, and inefficient, particularly for small and marginal farmers engaged in value-added processing. To address this limitation, the present study focuses on the design and fabrication of a low-cost mechanical deseeding machine for moringa pods that enhances productivity while minimising seed damage and operational cost. The machine is designed using locally available materials and simple mechanical components to ensure affordability and ease of maintenance. The working mechanism consists of a feeding hopper, crushing or splitting roller assembly, separation chamber, and seed collection unit. The design parameters were optimized based on pod dimensions, moisture content, and seed-to-pod ratio to achieve efficient splitting without damaging the seeds. The fabricated prototype operates either manually or with a low-power electric motor, making it suitable for rural and small-scale processing units. Performance evaluation of the machine includes parameters such as deseeding efficiency, seed recovery percentage, throughput capacity, seed damage rate, and operational cost. Preliminary trials indicate improved efficiency and a significant reduction in labour requirements compared to traditional manual methods. The developed system aims to promote small-scale moringa processing enterprises, support farmer-producer organizations, and enhance value addition in moringa cultivation. The proposed machine contributes toward sustainable agricultural mechanisation by providing an economical and user-friendly solution for post-harvest processing of moringa pods.