Demographic Characteristics and Prevalence of Skin Diseases among Schoolchildren in Rural Areas of Benghazi, Libya

Abstract

Background: Skin diseases are a common health problem in the pediatric age group. The prevalence of skin diseases depends on the health status, hygiene, and nutrition of children in the society. Aim of the Study: To evaluate the prevalence of skin diseases among schoolchildren in west rural areas of Benghazi, Libya. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study included 556 students from three schools conducted in villages west of Benghazi, Libya (Al-Helys School, Bo-Fakra School, and Al-Tarya School), aged 6 to 13 years. Each child and a parent were interviewed regarding age, residence, and any specific complaint related to the skin. All children underwent a complete dermatological examination, including the skin, nails, and mucosa, under adequate daylight. Diagnoses were based on clinical features and appropriate investigations (KOH examination, Gram's stain, Wood's lamp). Results: Among the 556 students, the prevalence of skin diseases was observed in 75.2%. The age range was 6–9 years in 49.6% and 10–13 years in 50.4%. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.03. Dermatitis and related conditions were observed in 36.2%, infectious diseases in 31.8%, pigmentary disorders in 18.3%, other skin disorders in 11%, disorders of skin appendages in 4.1%, vascular disorders in 2.2%, and papulosquamous disorders in 2%. Various pigmentary disorders included post-inflammatory hypo- and hyperpigmentation (6.1%), melanocytic nevi (7.5%), vitiligo (0.2%), and freckles (1.6%). Pityriasis alba was found in 14.8%, dandruff in 6.3%, xerosis in 4.8%, and atopic dermatitis in 1.3%. Acne was diagnosed in 2.9% and alopecia in 0.7%. Pediculosis capitis was found in 25.5%, scabies in 1.8%, warts in 1.6%, and tinea capitis in 0.9%. Lichen planus was observed in 1.3% and lichen nitidus in 0.7%. Vascular disorders were present in 2.2%. Other skin disorders included scars (3.8%), milia (2.3%), insect bites (2%), and hyperhidrosis (1.6%). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the prevalence of common skin infections was high among the study subjects. Common skin conditions are easily identifiable and treatable. Early diagnosis is essential for management and implementing preventive programs such as health education and awareness among schoolchildren.