Deciphering Genetic Variability and Yield Determinants in Groundnut [Arachis hypogaea (L.)] Using Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis

Abstract

Aims: To investigation the variability, correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis for yield and its components traits for selecting better yield improvement. Study Design:  Randomized block Design. Place and Duration of Study:  RARI, Durgapura, Jaipur, during the kharif 2024. Methodology: The original material for this research included 25 groundnut genotypes, with three check varieties. The genotypes were sown on 5th July during the Kharif 2024 season. Each of the genotypes was sown in five continuous rows within a plot measuring 5.0 × 2.25 m², maintaining an inter-row spacing of 45 x 15 cm. Observations were recorded on thirteen traits. Statistical methods use for calculating GCV, PCV, Heritability genetic advance, correlation and path analysis. Results: Analysis of variance reveled that there was a significant variation among genotypes for all traits. PCV values marginally surpassed GCV values, indicating low environmental influence. High PCV were noted for the number of pods per plant and number of branches per plant, even though high GCV were observed number of pods per plant. High heritability observed 100-seed weight, days to initiation of pegging, oil content, days to 50% flowering, protein content, number of pods per plant. Dry pod yield per plant showed strong, highly significant genotypic correlations with kernel yield per plant, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, and 100-seed weight. Path analysis brought to light shelling exhibited maximum direct effect on dry pods yield per plant, thereafter protein content, oil content, number of branches per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, cholorophyll content, kernel yield per plant, and days to maturity. Conclusion: The traits such as number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, 100-seed weight, kernel yield per plant revealed high GCV, PCV, Heritability and also positive associate with dry pods yield per plant. These end points pinpointed high potential traits and genotypes for yield improvement in groundnut.