Dairy Dreams Deferred: What’s Holding Back Bihar’s Dairy Farmers?

Abstract

Bihar's dairy farmers face several challenges that hinder the growth of the dairy industry in the state. This study examined the key constraints faced by dairy farmers in Khagaria, Bhagalpur, Banka, and Katihar district, focusing on infrastructural, financial, feeding, breeding, healthcare, and market-related challenges. Financial constraints, particularly the high cost of purebred cattle and lack of capital, were identified as primary obstacles, followed by inadequate livestock housing and the prohibitive initial costs of setting up dairy operations. Feeding-related challenges, such as the high cost of feed, seasonal fluctuations in fodder availability, and a reliance on dry fodder, were found to significantly affect productivity. Breeding and healthcare constraints included difficulties in identifying estrus signs, high veterinary medicine costs, and limited access to qualified professionals. Market-related issues were dominated by the lack of cold chain facilities, low milk prices, and limited demand for processed dairy products. Additionally, the study highlights the interrelated nature of these challenges, driven by poor infrastructure, lack of training, and ineffective implementation of government policies and support schemes. Addressing these constraints requires targeted interventions in infrastructure development, financial access, technical training, and market access to enhance the sustainability and profitability of dairy farming in these regions. Garrett ranking tool was applied for analysis of constraints faced by respondents.