Determinants of Compliance with Neglected Tropical Diseases Interventions in Selected Communities of Ilorin

Abstract

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) remain a significant public health challenge, particularly among school-aged children in endemic regions. This study assessed the determinants of compliance with neglected tropical disease interventions in selected communities in Ilorin Metropolis. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among school aged children aged 6–18 years using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected through a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire on the socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of NTDs, reasons for refusal, and determinants of drug uptake. Findings revealed that 64.0% of respondents were aware of NTDs, with health workers and media serving as primary information sources. Although 79.2% were willing to take NTD drugs, adherence was significantly influenced by age (p = 0.001), with older children showing greater willingness. Determinants of adherence included parental support (75.4%), cultural and religious beliefs (72.3%), teacher explanations (29.4%), prior negative experiences with the drugs (25.2%), and peer influence (18.0%). Additionally, only 5.1% of respondents had ever discussed NTDs with their families, highlighting low home-level engagement. Reported side effects—vomiting (14.7%) and dizziness (10.5%)—contributed to non-compliance. Refusals were primarily due to parental opposition (51.6%) and fear of side effects (48.4%). The study underscores the importance of targeted community engagement, including parental and teacher involvement, culturally sensitive messaging, and addressing misconceptions to enhance participation in NTD control programs. Efficient handling of these elements can enhance the overall effectiveness of NTD initiatives and encourage continued involvement.