Advances and Challenges in Pest Management for Protected Cultivation in India: Integrative Approaches and Future Prospects

Abstract

Poly house farming in India has transformed agriculture by enabling year-round crop production and protecting crops from adverse weather. However, the controlled environment of poly houses represents unique challenges in pest management, making it crucial to implement effective strategies to maintain crop health and yield. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers a comprehensive approach that combines cultural, biological and chemical practices to control pests while minimizing environmental impact. The advantages of protected cultivation include increased productivity, improved produce quality and efficient resource utilization. Despite these benefits, poly house farming faces limitations such as high initial costs, the need for meticulous planning and ongoing crop protection requirements. Pest identification is vital for effective management, as misidentification can lead to inappropriate control measures. Common pests in poly houses include insects, slugs, mites, nematodes, pathogens and weeds. Pest monitoring strategies such as scouting, using monitoring tools and record-keeping are essential for timely and effective management interventions. Management strategies encompass physical, biological and chemical methods. Physical approaches include the use of sticky and pheromone traps, while biological control involves the release of natural predators and entomopathogens. Chemical management involves both biorational pesticides and conventional chemicals, with IPM emphasizing the integration of these methods to reduce reliance on harmful chemicals. Preventive measures like insect-proof screens and soil solarization, along with curative measures and advanced technologies like video camera networks and decision support systems, are pivotal for effective pest control. Future prospects include improving technology standards, enhancing computerized control systems, and fostering research and government support to advance protected cultivation in India.