Comprehensive Review of Probiotics: Classification, Mechanisms and Applications in Human Health

Abstract

Live microorganisms are essential for preserving the health of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which is in charge of regulating every other bodily function. The most popular probiotics are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. Bacillus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Saccharomyces are further microbial species that can be utilized as probiotics. Probiotics can be used to treat obesity, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological system, and digestive disorders. Encapsulating living bacteria that support gut health is also crucial. Probiotics are protected from hazards during manufacture, storage, and gastrointestinal transit by encapsulation. Probiotics and their preventive properties are destroyed by heat, pressure, and oxidation. According to recent research, probiotics may affect metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well as help regulate blood glucose and weight. By emphasizing recent advancements, novel therapeutic applications, and ongoing research requirements, the review serves as a useful tool for guiding future investigations and evidence-informed clinical practices. It also aids in the advancement of probiotic-based treatments aimed at improving human health by promoting cross-disciplinary cooperation that connects concepts from microbiology, nutrition, medicine, and biotechnology.