Comparative Spatiotemporal Study of Rice and Wheat Yield in Aarang, Rasni and Lakholi Blocks of Raipur District, Chhattisgarh, India

Abstract

Agriculture remains central to India’s economy, with rice–wheat systems playing a key role in food security, especially in regions like Chhattisgarh, the “Rice Bowl of India.” However, despite large cultivation areas, low rice productivity highlights a significant gap that presents both a challenge and an opportunity for improving agricultural output. This study presents a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield dynamics across three sampling areas or blocks like (Aarang, Rasni and Lakholi) in Raipur District during the period 2015-2024. Using historical yield records, Crop Cutting Experiment (CCE) data and farmer-reported yield information, we employed rigorous statistical analyses including ANOVA, independent samples t-tests, correlation analysis and regression modeling to evaluate yield trends, regional variations and the impact of agricultural practices. Our findings reveal significant yield improvements over the study period, with rice yields increasing from 2,641.1 kg/ha (2015) to 3,519.5 kg/ha (2024), representing a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3.24%. Wheat yields demonstrated similar positive trends, rising from 3,079.1 kg/ha to 4,002.4 kg/ha (CAGR: 2.96%). Statistical analyses confirmed significant differences between improved and traditional farming practices (p < 0.001), with productivity gaps of 14.89% for rice and 15.76% for wheat. Regional ANOVA indicated non-significant differences among blocks for both crops (Rice: F = 0.92, p = 0.411; Wheat: F = 0.87, p = 0.429), suggesting homogeneous agro-climatic conditions. Correlation analysis identified year (r = 0.95 for rice, r = 0.92 for wheat) and rainfall (r = 0.68 for rice) as significant yield determinants. The study underscores the potential for yield enhancement through technology adoption and provides evidence-based recommendations for sustainable intensification of cereal production in central India.