Cholera Epidemiology, Surveillance and Response in Cameroon (1960-2010)

Abstract

Background: The burden, persistent and increasing number ofcholera epidemics in Cameroon has been a major concern. To strengthen cholera surveillance, Cameroon in partnership with international health corporations adapted the integrated disease surveillance and response strategy. This article describes cholera outbreaks during 1960-2010. Also, it discusses the evolution of health policies, surveillance and the deployment of means for the fight against cholera in Cameroon. Methods: Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to resource persons Cameroon. Written sources which included archives, books, articles, thesis, dissertation and internship reports were also consulted. Results: Cameroon faced a huge cholera burden from 1960 to 2010 with the annual number of reported cases and deaths fluctuating with 24495 cases and 1887 deaths recorded between 1971 and 1980, 6158 cases and 1028 deaths recorded between 1981 and 1990, 12906 cases and 2476 deaths between 1991 and 2000 and 17927 cases and 1044 deaths between 2001 and 2010. The cholera burden fell progressively from 2010 to 202 with just four outbreaks recorded from 2018 to 2023 including 1,628 cases in 2018, 360 cases in 2019, 1,889 cases in 2020 cases and over 13.000 cases in 2023. Cholera data was usually collected in the peripheral level and forwarded at the Regional and finally to the Ministry of Public Health. Conclusion: Prolonged and recurrent cholera outbreaks have been observed in Cameroon and have increased in intensity and geographic despite measures put in place by the Cameroon government and its partners. Strengthening surveillance and improving water sanitation schemes, and sensitization would be key in addressing cholera epidemics.