Diabetes as Risk Factor for Sick People Hospitalized for Pneumonia during the COVID-19 Period in a Hospital in Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Abstract

Abstract: The rate of COVID-19-related mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Ivory Coast is unknown. Diabetes is a risk factor for increased mortality in patients hospitalized for viral pneumonia infection with higher percentage for patients infected by Sars cov-2 virus. This study aims to investigate the association of DM with mortality in this population. Methods: This is a cohort retrospective study. Electronic medical records from patients admitted from March 2020 to March 2021 were reviewed. Primary outcomes was mortality. Secondary outcomes were health complications and transition to Intensive Care Unit(ICU). These outcomes were also studied in a second step after adjustment for covid 19 status, i.e. by including only patients without covid-19 (Covid NEG). Results: In all 205 patients were part of the study. The overall mortality rate was 21.5% (n =205) with 44 patients. In this group of non-survivor (n =44), 26 (59.1%) patients are diabetics with P < 0.001. That represent 12.7% of global population (n =205) diabetics with P < 0.001. Number of Patients admitted to intensive care number was 65 either 31.7% (n =205) with a P < 0.001. Among them, 52.3% are diabetic with a P < 0.001. The influence of covid-19 on rate of diabetes could not be demonstrated (P = .44), however a clear relationship was observed between Diabetes mellitus, age, covid-19 and rate of mortality (P =1.1895872362833E-5). For 83 patients without Covid-19, there are only 14 (16.9%) non survivors against 69 (83.1%) survivors with P = 0.14. Only 06 persons are diabetics. For second outcome, there are 22 (10.7%) (n =205) patients admitted to intensive care unit with only 08 (3.9%) (n =205) patients diabetics with P =0.45. We note just that we are at the limit of statistical significance in link between diabetes and gender (P = .047). Conclusions: Diabetes is associated with increased mortality and represent a significant risk factor for health complication and admission to intensive care in ill patients hospitalized for viral pneumonia infection and even higher for patients with COVID-19. However, the presence of sars cov-2 alone is not a factor in increasing the rate of DM. There is no significative link between diabetes and the two outcomes studies for Sick people without covid-19. The presence of diabetes mellitus in patients treated for Covid-19 therefore has a prognostic value in our environment, and can guide the management of these patients.