Dysmenorrhea Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Bangladeshi Women: A Comprehensive Epidemiological Analysis

Abstract

Background: Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is a prevalent and often underrecognized gynecological concern affecting women worldwide. This comprehensive epidemiological study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of dysmenorrhea among a representative sample of Bangladeshi women aged 18 to 45. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, and data were collected through structured interviews conducted by trained research personnel. A total of 1264 participants from both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh were included. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were performed to identify demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and reproductive factors associated with dysmenorrhea. Results: The study revealed a substantial prevalence of dysmenorrhea among Bangladeshi women in the specified age group, with 62.5% reporting experiencing menstrual pain. Demographic and socioeconomic risk factors, such as younger age, lower educational attainment, lower income, and unmarried status, were significantly associated with dysmenorrhea. Lifestyle and behavioral factors, including physical inactivity, showed a correlation with dysmenorrhea, while the link with smoking was less clear. Reproductive and menstrual history factors, such as early menarche and irregular menstrual cycles, also contributed to the likelihood of dysmenorrhea. Furthermore, the study confirmed the considerable impact of dysmenorrhea on the quality of life of affected individuals, underscoring the need for targeted interventions and improved healthcare services. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into dysmenorrhea among Bangladeshi women and highlights the multifaceted nature of this condition. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing menstrual health concerns and promoting evidence-based strategies to alleviate the burden of dysmenorrhea in Bangladesh. Targeted interventions, educational campaigns, and policy changes are essential to enhance the overall well-being of women in this age group and to advocate for better menstrual health management globally.