In vitro Antidiabetic and in vivo Post Prandial Hyperglycemic Response Profile of Gongronema latifolium (Utazi) Leaves in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Aims: Diabetes mellitus affects a greater number of the populace and requires a more reliable and affordable treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Gongronema latifolium (utazi) leaves through in vitro and in vivo investigations as a possible natural therapeutic alternative. Study Design: A combined in vitro and in vivo experimental design was adopted. Enzymatic inhibition and glucose uptake assays were conducted in vitro, while in vivo experiments utilized Wistar rats administered with aqueous extracts and feed formulations containing dried G. latifolium leaves. Methodology: In vitro assays evaluated α-amylase inhibition and glucose uptake spectrophotometrically. Aqueous extracts of G. latifolium at 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg doses were administered to potato starch loaded Wistar rats. Postprandial and fasting blood glucose levels were determined and compared with standard controls, including acarbose and metformin. Results: The extract exhibited significant α-amylase inhibition (50.95 ± 4.18% at 2 mg/mL), exceeding that of acarbose (36.12 ± 0.81%). Glucose uptake studies showed enhanced yeast glucose reabsorption (84.01 ± 0.00% at 25 mM), comparable to metformin (81.52 ± 0.04%). In vivo, G. latifolium reduced postprandial glucose levels by 42.44% relative to the negative control (86.63%), though it was less effective than acarbose (8.71%). Fasting blood glucose levels also declined significantly (p < 0.05), though the effect was not dose-dependent, and a significant 6.67% weight loss (p < 0.05) on the groups fed with 20% G. latifolium enriched meal. Conclusion: Gongronema latifolium demonstrated strong in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity and weight management, comparable to standard antidiabetic agents. These findings suggest its potential as a safe, natural, and cost-effective option for diabetes management. Further studies are recommended to elucidate its mechanisms of action and evaluate long-term safety.