Biodegradation of Chlorpyrifos and Plant Growth-Promoting Activity of Leptolyngbya sp. Isolated from Paddy Fields

Abstract

Aims: The present study focused on exploring the potential of cyanobacteria in the bioremediation of organophosphorus (OP) compounds, also assessing the plant growth-promoting characteristics. Study Design: The study was conducted in three phases to evaluate the potential of selected cyanobacterial strains for bioremediation of organophosphorus (OP) compounds and their plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties. Place and Duration of Study: The work was carried out in Department of Microbiology, S. K. Porwal College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kamptee for one and a half year. Methodology: Selected cyanobacterial isolates (Leptolyngbya) were cultured in BG-11 medium and exposed to organophosphorus (OP) compounds (chlorpyrifos) to assess degradation potential. Plant growth-promoting traits (IAA production, phosphate solubilization, and siderophore activity) were quantified using standard biochemical assays. Results: The results showed that blue-green algae (BGA) influenced both rice growth and soil properties. With the treatment of 20 ppm concentration, More than 85% degradation of chlorpyrifos was recorded within 20 days of incubation in samples treated with Leptolyngbya sp., whereas only minimal degradation was observed in the uninoculated control. Inoculated treatments exhibited higher plant growth and improved soil parameters compared to the control. Pot culture experiments indicated marked increases in growth attributes, including a 40% increase in plant height, 49% increase in root length, 40% increase in fresh leaf and stem weight, 49% increase in fresh root weight, 20% increase in dry leaf and stem weight, and 112% increase in dry root weight. Soil moisture content increased by 75% in inoculated pots relative to the control, overall which indicates sustainable and eco-friendly alternative in agriculture.