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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Beyond Parental Limits: The Role of Transgressive Segregation in Modern Plant Breeding

Athira Sunil, Lovely B

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology · pp. 498–515 · Published 30 Aug 2025

10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i92901

Abstract

Transgressive segregation (TS), where progeny traits exceed the parental range, is a pivotal mechanism for genetic gain in plant breeding, crucial for addressing global food security. This review examines the genetic basis of TS, driven by complementary gene action, epistasis, and beneficial allele recombination. It traces the evolution of detection from phenotypic screening to advanced molecular tools like QTL mapping, MAS, and GS, now enhanced by high-throughput phenotyping. For plant breeders, TS is a critical process for developing superior cultivars with enhanced yield, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Despite challenges like complex genetics, emerging technologies—including high-resolution genomics, machine learning, and gene editing—are poised to transform TS from an empirical process into a predictable breeding strategy. Harnessing these innovations is essential for developing robust, climate-resilient crops for sustainable agriculture.

Transgressive Segregation (TS) Genetic gain Crop improvement quantitative traits epistasis QTL mapping Genomic Selection (GS) Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) high-throughput phenotyping gene editing climate resilience sustainable agriculture

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