Intravenous (IV) Technology Engagement and Nurses’ Psychological Well-being: A Mixed-methods Study

Abstract

Background: Rapid advancements in intravenous (IV) technology have enhanced precision and patient outcomes but also introduced new cognitive and technical demands for nurses. Understanding how nurses engage with these technologies and how it affects their psychological well-being is crucial for sustaining workforce resilience and quality care. Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between integration technology engagement and the psychological well-being of nurses. It specifically investigated how technology-related factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions influence stress levels and well-being dimensions including environmental mastery, autonomy, personal growth, and self-acceptance. Study Design: This study utilized a mixed-methods research design employing a sequential explanatory approach. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in a private hospital in Dharan, Saudi Arabia, among nurses actively using integrated clinical technologies, during the academic year 2025–2026. Methodology: A total of 241 nurses were selected using simple random sampling from a population of 620. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being model, WHO-5 Well-Being Index, and Perceived Stress Scale. Descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation were used for analysis. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with a subset of respondents and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Findings revealed that nurses reported high levels of technology engagement, with weighted means of 3.826 for performance expectancy, 3.69 for effort expectancy, 3.78 for social influence, and 3.65 for facilitating conditions, all interpreted as “Strongly Agree.” Psychological well-being was also high, particularly in environmental mastery (M = 3.669, SD = 0.509). A significant positive relationship was observed between technology engagement and psychological well-being. While technology enhanced workflow efficiency, patient safety, and professional competence, qualitative findings indicated that it also contributed to cognitive workload, stress, and workflow disruptions due to system limitations and operational challenges. Conclusion: Integration technology plays a critical role in improving nursing performance and patient care; however, it also introduces psychological demands. Continuous training, strong institutional support, and mental health interventions are essential to ensure that technological advancement is balanced with the well-being of nurses.