Visual Improvement in Amblyopic Children Following Refractive Correction and Patching Therapy: A Prospective Interventional Study

Abstract

Background: Amblyopia, commonly known as "lazy eye," is a neurodevelopmental visual disorder that results in reduced vision in one or both eyes due to abnormal visual experience during early childhood. It is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in children and is most effectively treated during the critical period of visual development. Refractive correction using glasses, combined with occlusion therapy (patching of the dominant eye), is the standard treatment to stimulate vision in the amblyopic eye. Early detection and timely intervention are crucial for successful visual recovery. Objective: This study aims to assess the improvement in visual acuity in amblyopic children aged 5 to 15 years following refractive correction and patching therapy. Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted at an urban tertiary eye care centre in North India. This observational study included children diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral amblyopia within the age group of 5 to 15 years. All participants received appropriate refractive correction followed by a structured patching regimen based on the severity of amblyopia. Visual acuity was assessed at baseline, and then at regular intervals—1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The data were analyzed to determine the degree of visual improvement over time. Results: Children under strict 6-hour patching showed significant improvement (>2 lines in 75% of eyes). In contrast, those with poor or irregular patching showed limited or no improvement. Children under 10 years demonstrated the highest response rate. Conclusion: Regular patching along with appropriate refractive correction significantly improves visual acuity in amblyopic children. Parental awareness and engagement are critical for therapy success.