Axonal Demyelination Leading to Neurologic Impairment: A Review Study of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system auto-immune condition signaled and marked by inflammatory action which leads primarily to demyelination resulting in neurologic impairments. This condition is more common in genetically-disposed individuals and individuals who have had a history of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection Aim: The study's aim is to examine recent knowledge on the etiology and clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis, as well as diagnostic testing and recent management options that are being explored to improve the living conditions of people living with Multiple Sclerosis. Method: This review article focuses on research studies that have relevant, up-to-date and current therapies employed in the management of individuals living with Multiple Sclerosis. It also includes research studies that take a look at Multiple Sclerosis from the viewpoint of the caretaker Results: In this review, it can be seen that the most common clinical manifestation include cognitive impairment, fatigue, psychiatric impairments. The prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis is closely associated with a history of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection as well as genetic predisposition. Pharmacological therapy has been proven to reduce the incidents of a major relapse but hasn’t been advised for patients with a mild relapse. Physical therapy has been proven to be effective when individualized but this is not cost-effective. It has been advised for patients with a mild relapse and for patients undergoing pharmacological therapy, however there is a drawback – physical of therapy can only be administered by very qualified professionals and there is a scarcity of these professionals. Conclusion: Physical Therapy in conjunction with pharmacological therapy, with further improvements, can drastically improve the quality of lives for people living with Multiple Sclerosis.