Avian Assessment in Jagatpur Wetland in District Bhagalpur, Bihar, India

Abstract

Wetlands function as dynamic habitats that sustain rich avian diversity, offering good resources for both resident and migratory bird species. A detailed survey was conducted at Jagatpur Wetland in district Bhagalpur, Bihar. The present study was carried out from January 2023 to May 2025 to assess the avian and fish diversity at Jagatpur Wetland. During the study a total of 143 bird species were recorded, including 99 resident, 8 local migratory, and 36 migratory species. Based on conservation status, 1 species was recorded as endangered, 3 species as Vulnerable, 5 species as Near Threatened, and 134 species under the Least Concern category. These birds belong to 19 orders and 48 families, showing high taxonomic avian diversity. Along with avifaunal diversity, 24 fish species belonging to 5 orders and 13 families were also documented from this wetland. Fish diversity is ecologically important for many bird species depend on fish as their primary food source. The availability of diverse fish fauna increases food resources and attracts several piscivorous and semi-piscivorous birds, thereby supporting high avian diversity in the wetland. Besides, this wetland is also facing several anthropogenic threats like road construction, habitat disturbance, noise pollution, and increased human activity associated with road development adversely affecting bird populations and their natural behavior. The excessive growth of Eichhornia species has also accelerated eutrophication processes, further reducing the overall depth of the wetland. Therefore, urgent conservation and effective management measures are necessary to reduce threats and ensure the long-term sustainability of this important wetland ecosystem. These findings underscore the ecological significance of Jagatpur Wetland as a vital habitat supporting diverse bird communities.