Association of Tranexamic Acid with GCS in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) occurs due to head injury ranging from simple blow to penetrating injury. TBI refers to a violently produced brain damage that is either blunting or piercing that accelerates or decelerates, resulting in the development of various clinical signs and symptoms such as loss of consciousness or lowered awareness level, entire or partial loss of memory, and various neurological or neuropsychological abnormalities, all of which can lead to disability or death. . As a result, antifibrinolytic drugs like tranexamic acid (TXA) may help to prevent traumatic intra-cranial hemorrhage. The aim of current study was to determine the effect of Tranexamic acid on Glasgow Coma Scale score in TBI patients Methodology: In this Quasi experimental type of study the 126 patients were recruited from the emergency department of Ziauddin University and Hospital North site who were presented with the traumatic brain injury. Confirmed patients of TBI were distributed into two groups; Tranexamic acid Group: A group of TBI patient received 1 gm. of tranexamic acid infused over ten minutes within three hours of injury along with standard treatment and Placebo Group: A group of TBI patient only received standard treatment. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was found to be 45.6±18.7 ranged between 18 to 89 years. While assessing the clinical parameters mean temperature recorded is 36.6 ºC, with mean respiratory rate and pulse rate of 20.3 and 91.6 respectively. The comparative analysis of the two treatment groups in which one group got the TXA and other had the usual recommended drugs only with the effectiveness of TXA in term of improvement of GCS score showed highly significant statistical association. Conclusion: Use of Trenaxamic acid (TXA) helps in improvement of GCS at many intervals of 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours as compared to those who received conventional treatment.