Association between Socio-Economic Situation and Unhealthy Eating Patterns in Zempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico

Abstract

Introduction: The relationship between economy and nutrition is crucial for understanding the rise in chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, especially in low-income countries. In Mexico, the cost of healthy foods and limited economic capacity foster low-quality diets focused on unhealthy foods. In communities such as Zempoala, Hidalgo, poverty and lack of nutritional education exacerbate this issue. It is essential to implement strategies that improve access to healthy foods, considering the economic and cultural determinants that affect dietary patterns. Methodology: This study analyzes how economic conditions influence unhealthy eating patterns in Zempoala. A sample of 70 participants was included, evaluating income, economic sufficiency, and consumption of fried foods, sugary beverages, and foods high in fats and sugars. Validated questionnaires and structured interviews were used, and data were analyzed with Stata 16, applying logistic regression to identify economic barriers and explore the impact of educational level and access to fresh foods. Results: The participants (44% male, 56% female) had an average age of 45 years, with basic education and an average monthly income of $4,500 MXN. Sixty percent reported economic difficulties that affected their diet, leading to increased consumption of unhealthy foods. Those with poorer economic conditions were 4.6 times more likely to consume these products. Conclusion: Economic hardship is associated with the consumption of unhealthy foods, limiting access to fresh and nutritious options. It is urgent to implement public policies that improve food security and promote healthy habits.