Assessment of Medical Waste Management Practices: A Case Study of Gitega Regional Hospital, Burundi

Abstract

Background: Medical waste management (MWM) is a critical social responsibility shared by healthcare institutions and governments. Effective waste management systems must integrate with various societal sectors, including health, economics, politics, environment, and education. Adherence to proper MWM practices among healthcare providers demonstrates significant variability, likely due to considerable knowledge deficiencies and behavioral factors. Objectives: This study was carried out to identify and analyze the factors hindering optimal MWM at Gitega Regional Hospital, central province of Burundi. Methodology: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted at Gitega Regional Hospital, central province of Burundi, from August 1 to 15, 2023. The target population comprised healthcare unit providers, with a sample size of 135 participants. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using Epi Info software version 7.2.5.0. A bivariate analysis was performed to assess the association between proper MWM and independent variables. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A significant proportion of respondents (73.33%) exhibited insufficient knowledge, while 66.67% demonstrated negative attitudes and behaviors towards MWM. Although 57.78% of respondents reported adequate supplies of MWM tools, factors such as knowledge (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.66-5.86), tool supply (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.63-2.74), and attitudes/behaviors (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 0.81-3.58) were identified as significant barriers to optimal MWM at Gitega Regional Hospital, central province of Burundi. Conclusions: The study found a significant correlation between healthcare providers' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, waste management tools availability, and MWM efficacy at Gitega Regional Hospital. However, suboptimal management was attributed to limited regulatory authorities' involvement. Further surveys are needed to gain more insights and gather nationwide information.