Aphrodisiac Activity of Ficus Platyphylla Stem Bark and Its Polyherbal Formulation in Female Albino Rat

Abstract

Background: Ficus platyphylla is traditionally used in African medicine to enhance fertility and libido, but scientific evidence supporting its aphrodisiac effects, particularly in females, remains limited. Aim: This study assessed the aphrodisiac potential of aqueous stem bark extract of F. platyphylla and its polyherbal formulation in female albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: Phytochemical screening of Ficus platyphylla and its polyherbal formulation was conducted to identify secondary metabolites. Thirty-two female albino rats were treated with graded doses of Ficus platyphylla and its polyherbal formulation, sexual behaviors such as darting, hoping, licking, ear wiggling, genital, anogenital grooming and lordosis were monitored, serum reproductive hormones were quantified using ELISA, and ovarian tissues were examined histologically. Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening six secondary metabolites (alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins, and anthraquinones) in Ficus platyphylla bark and eight in polyherbal formulation. The 25 mg/kg dose of F. platyphylla and its polyherbal formulation significantly (P<0.05) increased darting, hopping, licking, ear wiggling, genital and anogenital grooming, and lordosis, comparable to Exus Ginseng. Hormonal assays showed that low doses elevated serum estrogen and, in the polyherbal group, also increased FSH and progesterone, while testosterone remained unchanged. Moderate and higher doses produced moderate and minimal effects respectively. Histology revealed multiple follicular stages, suggesting ovulatory activity at low doses. Conclusion: F. platyphylla extract and its polyherbal formulation at lowest doses demonstrate aphrodisiac activity in female rats, supporting its traditional use. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms and clinical relevance.