Analysis of the Cultural Practices of the Kankanaeys through Validated Documentary Videos

Abstract

The Kankanaeys, who reside primarily in the upland areas of Benguet and Mountain Province, possess a distinct cultural identity expressed through traditional religious rituals, medicinal practices, oral literature, and subsistence livelihoods. Yet, their cultural heritage is under threat due to modernisation, diminishing intergenerational transmission, and a lack of culturally appropriate educational tools. This study developed and validated educational documentary videos highlighting the beliefs and practices of the Kankanaey people of Mountain Province. The documentaries focused on four major cultural dimensions: religion, health, literature, and livelihood. The primary goal was to produce instructional materials that preserve and disseminate indigenous knowledge while aligning with pedagogical standards. Validation was based on both content accuracy and technical quality to ensure the videos’ effectiveness as educational resources. A descriptive research design grounded in the research and development (R&D) framework was employed. The process involved three stages: planning, development, and validation. Data collection utilised a modified interview guide designed to elicit qualitative insights on Kankanaey beliefs and practices, as well as a content and technical validation rating scale. The interviews provided culturally grounded information on traditional practices, while the validation scale allowed experts to assess the accuracy, relevance, and technical soundness of the videos. Findings revealed that the educational documentary videos were highly valid in terms of content and technical quality, with an overall weighted mean of 4.73, interpreted as “very highly valid.” This outcome affirms that the videos met established standards for educational media production and effectively conveyed the distinctive cultural heritage of the Kankanaeys. The results also underscore the community’s rich and enduring traditions, particularly in the domains of spirituality, health practices, livelihoods, and oral literature. The validated educational documentary videos contribute to the growing repertoire of culturally responsive teaching materials. Specifically, they may be utilised in the course Cordillera Heritage 101, offering students an accessible and authentic resource for engaging with indigenous knowledge systems. Beyond the classroom, the study demonstrates the potential of educational media as a tool for cultural preservation, fostering both academic learning and appreciation of indigenous heritage.