An Update on Current Usage of SGLT2-Inhibitors in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Special Focus on Dapagliflozin

Abstract

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is one of the most serious long-term outcomes in patients with T2DM. Prevalence of DKD is predicted to increase as the prevalence of diabetes is growing rapidly thereby leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Established therapies still focus on effective glycemic control and blood pressure control, to arrest disease progression and regression of albuminuria. SGLT2 Inhibitors are a novel class of oral hypoglycaemic agents that increase urinary glucose excretion by suppressing glucose reabsorption at the renal proximal tubule. SGLT2 inhibitors lower HbA1c and improve various metabolic parameters including BP, lipid profile, albuminuria and uric acid. Clinical trials have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes and mortality in patients with T2DM, thereby garnered considerable attention in the recent past and are considered potential first‑line candidates for the management of T2DM and has emerged as a cardio-renal game-changer.