An Overview of Genome-Wide Association Studies in Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

The common neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis (MS). It progresses with autoimmune inflammation and demyelination. Molecular basis study of MS pathogenesis is a significant element of field research, leading to new prevention and treatment strategies by defining the genetic association, epigenetic, and environmental risks factor of MS that could provide a predictive method for estimating human predisposition to MS. From a genetic perspective, MS is a complex disorder due to the combination of genetic and non-genetic factors. The main histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the only universal genetic site associated with MS, and it has been approved for many years. The most common risk for MS in most populations is human leukocyte antigen (HLA) at 6p21. Before the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) encouraging finding new susceptibility loci, other genetic factors in the MS remained uncommon. In this literature review, we summarized details, including references, abstracts, and full text of journal articles. These details were selected and obtained from virtual databases such as Medline and PubMed. Using the keywords and health descriptors in MS, GWAS, IL7R and HLA genes for published data from 2007 until 2019.So, the purpose of this research was to perform an analysis of recent progress in identifying genetic factors and gene polymorphism that affect the risk of MS and how these results explain the disease pathogenesis.