Aliens in the Field: A Review of Non-native Plant Contribution in Agriculture

Abstract

The exotic crops are like aliens in the fields, offering significant potential in food security, farm diversification, and economic growth for farmers, especially in regions of ecological imbalance and climate change with declining crop diversity. India’s diverse agro-climatic zones make it a favourable environment for adapting exotic species, many of which have become integral to local farming systems. Despite many challenges, such as outbreaks of pests, diseases, and weed infestation, with the invasion of exotic crops, successful practices like protected cultivation and precision farming greatly support establishing a cropping system with exotic crops. The market demand for exotic crops is increasing daily, and their nutritional value also helps combat hidden hunger and strengthens food systems. With proper management, policy support, and farmer participation, exotic crops can be pivotal in building resilient, self-reliant agricultural systems—their integration into local ecosystems heading toward a critical step toward a sustainable and secure farming system.