A Review on Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Its Phytochemistry and Medicinal Potentials

Abstract

This review aims to highlight recent advancements in research on Neem extracts, with a focus on their chemical composition, medicinal properties, and various applications of the Neem tree. Global health and medical practices aim to integrate alternative medicine with evidence-based approaches to deepen our understanding of metabolic processes and their impacts on the human body. Neem (Azadirachta indica), a member of the Meliaceae family, is recognized for its health-promoting properties, largely due to its rich antioxidant content. Various parts of the plant, including its bark, leaves, seeds, fruits, and flowers, are widely utilized in medicinal treatments, owing to the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites. These include limonoids and tetranortriterpenoids, with azadirachtin being a prominent compound. A. indica has been extensively studied for its potential roles as an anticancer, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive agent, as well as its effectiveness as a biopesticide. This review focuses on recent research concerning A. indica, emphasizing its chemical composition and Pharmacological activities.