Advances in Genetics and Biotechnological Tools for Sustainable Aquaculture: A Review

Abstract

India is leading country in promotion of biosciences, accelerating the pace of development in biotechnology in broad areas of agriculture, health care, animal sciences and environment. Worldwide, in food production enormous challenges exist in agriculture and allied sciences to meet the growing demand of food for around 9 billion world’s population. The deficit in world food production can met with alternative food resources to feed the billion mouths. While considering aquatic resources, the cultivated seafood production system emerged as an alternative source of smart protein in food production system with quality fish production. Considering the advancements in aquatic food production system genetic application in fisheries and aquaculture India plays a vital role in blue revolution mission.  The   success has been achieved in fish breeding programme by selecting healthy and genetically superior broodstocks based on desirable traits such as growth rate, disease resistance, and fecundity. The induced breeding with use of hormones or other techniques lead to breed the fish successfully. The success of gene transfer improved the economical important species help in producing fast growing individuals with introduction of foreign growth hormones gene in modified fish. The work on chromosome manipulation and gene transfer research witnessed big success in tissue culture system and production of   new genetic material. Promotion of fish research aquatic organisms likely to switch over to commercial production in more valuable commercial species. In improvement of fish the use of synthetic hormones in fish breeding, production of monosex, uniparental and polyploidy individuals used to produce triploids, tetraploidy, haploids, gynogenic and androgenic using    molecular biology and fish transgenics. The genetic engineering techniques lead to transgenic fish with high productivity and profitability. India is making accelerated developments in aquaculture and sustainability improvement.