Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatments of Helicobacter Pylori

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is the first officially known recognized bacterial carcinogen with more than half the world's population colonized by the gram-negative bacterium. However, more often complications are seen in adults than in children. Decreased Helicobacter pylori can be a two-edged sword, reducing the incidence of stomach ailments while increasing the risk of allergies and constipation. Helicobacter pylori causes various diseases ranging from gastritis to gastric lymphoma. A number of research have been done on H. pylori which play a crucial role in their diagnosis and in finding an appropriate treatment against specific diseases caused by them. The choice of diagnostic method is based on relevance of cost, effectiveness against antimicrobial resistance and less side effects of the drugs used un the treatment. If the disease is not treated properly, the colonization can persist for a lifetime. Recently, an increase in drug resistance has been observed worldwide. Therefore, the rapid and accurate determination of any type of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance before the administration of detoxification is particularly important. Initially the article introduced the pathogenesis and microbiology of Helicobacter pylori. Later there is a complete overview of the diagnostic methods currently available for the detection of the infectious agent. The review also focuses on using next generation sequencing in the detection of the bacterium. To date, advanced sequencing technologies and their applications within the lab settings are in line with Helicobacter pylori management guidelines thereby helping in early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disease.