Adoption, Participation and Socioeconomic Characteristics of e-NAM Stakeholders in India: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The Electronic National Agricultural Market (e-NAM) was introduced in 2016 to integrate India’s fragmented agricultural markets through a unified online trading platform. As part of the Digital India initiative, e-NAM seeks to enhance transparency, reduce the role of intermediaries, and improve price realization for farmers. This paper explores the evolution, implementation, benefits, and constraints of e-NAM, supported by case studies of commodities such as chilli, onion, and jute. The analysis highlights that while e-NAM has improved market access, facilitated real-time price discovery, and reduced transaction inefficiencies, several challenges remain. These include inadequate infrastructure, digital illiteracy, inconsistent policy adoption across states, and continued dependence on intermediaries. Case studies demonstrate both the potential and limitations of e-NAM in fostering inclusive agricultural reforms. The study concludes that for e-NAM to achieve its transformative goals, enhanced infrastructure, standardized grading systems, farmer training, and stronger policy alignment are essential to ensure farmer welfare and sustainable market efficiency.