Spatial Dynamics and Environmental Implications of Abandoned Residential Properties in Urban Area: A Case Study of Abeokuta, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigates the spatial dynamics and environmental implications of abandoned residential properties in urban Nigeria, using Abeokuta as a case study. The increase of abandoned buildings in government-developed estates presents critical urban and environmental challenges, yet little empirical research has examined their spatial distribution and ecological consequences in Nigerian cities. This study addresses this gap through a mixed-methods approach, integrating geospatial analysis with field-based environmental assessment. Data were collected from four major housing estates in Abeokuta Ibara GRA, Asero, Obasanjo Hilltop, and Laderin using handheld GPS devices, environmental observation checklists, and photographic documentation. A total of 400 abandoned properties were recorded, with Ibara GRA accounting for the highest concentration (156 structures). Spatial mapping using QGIS revealed clusters of abandonment in Ibara and Asero, Environmental assessments identified a range of hazards including illegal waste dumping, overgrown vegetation, stagnant water, and rodent infestations. Statistical analysis using linear regression produced a strong predictive relationship between abandonment factors and environmental impacts (R² = 0.612; B = 0.327; p < 0.001), validating the spatial-environmental connection. Field survey responses further revealed high levels of crime vulnerability (mean = 4.39) and pollution concerns (mean = 3.88) associated with these sites. The findings underscore the urgent need for environmentally informed urban housing policies that incorporate geospatial tools. Policy recommendations include the creation of a GIS-based registry of abandoned properties, enforcement of development timelines, promotion of adaptive reuse strategies, and improved collaboration between urban planning and environmental health agencies. By addressing the spatial and environmental consequences of building abandonment, this study fills a critical gap in existing literature and contributes to the academic understanding of urban neglect in Nigeria, and contributes to a more sustainable framework for managing abandonment and revitalizing Nigerian cities.