A Review of the Research Status and Development Trends of Photovoltaic Mounting Structures

Abstract

As a key supporting structure of photovoltaic (PV) systems, the technological development of PV mounts directly impacts their power generation efficiency, stability, and service life. This paper systematically reviews the current research status and development trends of PV mounts, based on an analysis of literature from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Engineering Village, covering publications from 2000 to 2023. Our review focuses on the characteristics and application scenarios of main structural types, including fixed mounts, single-axis and dual-axis tracking mounts, and flexible mounts. It also examines the performance and research progress of related materials, including metals, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), and novel composites. The analysis indicates that, under favorable climatic conditions (e.g., high irradiance regions), single-axis and dual-axis tracking systems can enhance power generation efficiency by 15-30% and over 30%, respectively, compared to fixed-tilt systems. Flexible mounts demonstrate notable adaptability to complex terrains, while composite material mounts can achieve weight reductions exceeding 50% compared to traditional steel, alongside superior corrosion resistance. Future development directions for PV mounts are identified as intelligent tracking, lightweight design, environmentally sustainable materials, and adaptation to diversified application scenarios. However, this review also identifies critical research gaps, including the need for robust wind-induced vibration control and long-term durability data for flexible systems, as well as comprehensive lifecycle assessments (LCA) and recycling strategies for novel composites. By synthesizing these findings and highlighting these specific gaps, this study provides a structured reference and clear direction for future innovative development and engineering applications in PV mount technology.