A Retrospective Analysis of Copper T380A Intrauterine Device in Rivers State, Nigeria: Side Effects and Discontinuation Rate

Abstract

Background: Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are long term, effective and reversible methods of contraception used worldwide by millions of women. The users discontinue its use despite the effectiveness due to various reasons. Objective: To determine the prevalence rate, side effects, discontinuation rate and indications for discontinuation of Cu T380A at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt. Methods: A retrospective study of 874 clients attending family planning clinic at the RSUTH from 1st January, 2015 – 31st December, 2019. Their records were retrieved from the clinic and reviewed. Data was extracted, coded and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) IBM version 25.0 (Armonk, NY). Results: Of the 874 acceptors of contraceptives, 221 accepted and used Cu T380A within the study period giving a prevalence rate of 25.3%. The mean age was 37.87+ 5.01 years. The modal age group was 35-39 years accounting for 81 (36.7%). Age range was 23-51 years and most (63.8%) were multiparous. Majority of the clients had formal education 217 (98.2%) and were married, 219 (99.1%). Discontinuation rate was 29.4%and the common reasons for discontinuation were menorrhagia, 14 (21.6%); desire for pregnancy, 13 (20%); irregular vaginal bleeding and menopause each contributing 8 (12.3%). Others were missing string, 6 (9.2%), vaginal discharge, sexual problems, lower abdominal and waist pains each accounting for 5 (7.7%) respectively. There was one unintended pregnancy.  Conclusion: Copper T380A is safe and effective. Menorrhagia and irregular vaginal bleeding were the commonest side effects. Pregnancy desire and side effects were the reasons for its discontinuation.