A Framework for Disability-Inclusive Policy during Natural Disasters: Challenges and Pathways

Abstract

This study aimed at examining vulnerabilities of persons with disabilities (PWDs) during natural disasters, addressing critical gaps in existing research by analyzing systemic failures in policy, practice, and data across various contexts. The methodology integrated seven key dimensions (policy, institutional preparedness, resources, communication, infrastructure, individual readiness, and risk assessment) through a systematic review of disaster cases in Ghana, the U.S., and Australia, showcasing contrasts between high- and low-income settings and regional diversity. Reviewing 19 case studies, the research advanced the field by offering comprehensive insights that extend beyond single-theme analyses, incorporating the Social Model of Disability with Human Rights and Intersectionality frameworks, and provided applicable policy recommendations for refining Ghana's disability and disaster laws. In conclusion, the findings indicated that PWDs face heightened disaster risks due to structural barriers rather than individual impairments, emphasizing the necessity for inclusive strategies, integrated policies, targeted training, accessible infrastructure, and dedicated funding aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 3, 10, and 11. Through this analysis, the study serves as a roadmap for implementing global frameworks like the Sendai Framework, fostering equitable disaster resilience for PWDs.