A Cross-sectional Study of the Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Malaria Transmission among Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients in Urban Communities of Taraba Northeastern Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) poses significant health challenges, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa where its prevalence is high. Malaria, a prevalent infectious disease in this region, exacerbates the complications associated with SCD. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of malaria among SCD patients is crucial for effective management and control strategies. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with malaria transmission among sickle cell anaemia patients in urban communities of Taraba State, Northeastern Nigeria. Methods: The study involved the screening of sickle cell anaemia patients in selected health facilities in Taraba State from December 2022 to December 2023. Data on demographic characteristics, risk factors, and malaria status were collected using structured questionnaires and blood samples. Parasitological examination was conducted to determine malaria prevalence, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The study revealed a malaria prevalence of 12.9% among sickle cell anaemia patients, with higher rates observed in Takum compared to other communities. Malaria infection was more common among males, children aged 1-10 years, non-educated individuals, and those engaged in specific occupations like farming and trading. Risk factors such as stagnant water around residences, presence of bushes, lack of insecticidal nets, and use of indigenous herbs were associated with higher malaria transmission rates. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions to mitigate malaria burden among sickle cell anaemia patients, including educational campaigns, access to preventive measures such as insecticidal nets, and improvement in environmental hygiene practices. Implementing these strategies is crucial for reducing malaria-related morbidity and mortality in affected communities.