A Comprehensive Review on Canine Ehrlichiosis

Abstract

Aim: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Ehrlichiacanis, a tick borne pathogen responsible for canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. This review focuses on its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options and global epidemiology. Study Design: A systemic literature review was conducted analyzing studies published between 2000 and 2025. This includes clinical trials, observational studies, case reports and epidemiological data regarding E. canis infections in dogs. Place and duration of study: the review includes studies from various endemic regions. Methodology: The review evaluates molecular diagnostics including PCR and serology as well as clinical management strategies. Additionally vector control methods and emerging trends in antibiotic resistance are discussed. Results: Ehrlichiacanis primarily causes fever, lethargy, thrombocytopenia, and in severe cases bleeding disorders. The diagnostic gold standard is PCR based testing, with serological methods also frequently employed. Doxycyline remains the first line treatment and should be given@ 5 mg/kg bwt BID PO or IV for 4 weeks is recommended for all age groups, but recent studies indicate the emergence of resistance in some regions. Additionally, E. canis is transmitted through the bite of the Rhiphicephalus sanguineus tick and vector control strategies have proven effective in reducing incidence. Vaccination efforts are still under investigation. Concluison: E canis continues to be a significant cause of morbidity in dogs, especially in endemic areas. Early detection and treatment are critical for successful management,but emerging resistance highlights the need for ongoing research into alternative therapies, vaccination and improved diagnostic tools.