A Comprehensive Review of the Impact of MRI on Physical Health

Abstract

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a critical diagnostic tool offering detailed visualization of soft tissues without ionizing radiation. Despite its widespread use in high-income countries, access remains limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to high costs, infrastructure deficits, and a shortage of trained personnel. This article explores the utility, safety, and accessibility of MRI, emphasizing conditions requiring repeated imaging such as gliomas, metastases, and spinal disorders and patient populations for whom MRI is contraindicated, including those with certain implants or severe renal impairment. While MRI is generally safe and repeatable, caution is warranted with gadolinium-based contrast agents due to potential tissue retention and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Safety concerns also extend to device-related risks and acoustic noise exposure. Technological advancements including ultra-high-field scanners (3T and 7T), silent MRI, helium-free systems, and AI-driven enhancements are improving scan precision, patient comfort, and system sustainability. India’s growing role in MRI research and manufacturing is accelerating global access to cost-effective imaging solutions. This review underscores the importance of safe, equitable, and innovative MRI deployment to meet rising diagnostic demands across diverse healthcare settings.