A Comprehensive Examination of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic and Nutritional Treatments

Abstract

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a long-lasting autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in many parts of the body and the production of autoantibodies. It affects about 20 to 150 people out of every 100,000 people in the world, with higher rates in Asian and African populations. This shows how important it is for global health. Goals: This study seeks to examine the etiology and contributing factors of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dissect its pathophysiology, and emphasize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches with an emphasis on nutritional interventions and preventative steps. Study Methodology: A systematic examination of current scientific publications on systemic lupus erythematosus. Duration and Location of the Study: This study was a thorough evaluation of research related to systemic lupus erythematosus, in which studies and research publications published between 2016 and 2025 were gathered and analyzed. Approach: The qualitative research method and critical evaluation of sources were used to gather and analyze pertinent papers and articles. Results: SLE is caused by a combination of genetic factors, hormones, environmental factors (like UV radiation and viral infections), and nutritional imbalances. A lack of micronutrients like vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants can mess up the immune system and make inflammation worse. At the same time, environmental factors like pollution and antimicrobial resistance make diseases progress faster. Lifestyle changes, especially anti-inflammatory diets, show promise as additional ways to help with symptom control and improve quality of life. Conclusion: An integrated strategy encompassing medical care, dietary interventions, and lifestyle changes is necessary for the management of SLE. Ongoing research is crucial to creating more individualized and successful therapeutic alternatives.