A Comprehensive Epidemiological Study to Unveiling the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Bangladesh

Abstract

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a growing global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This comprehensive epidemiological study aims to assess the prevalence, risk factors, disparities, and healthcare infrastructure related to CVDs in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, with a sample size of 3850 individuals. Data on CVD prevalence, risk factors, socioeconomic determinants, and healthcare infrastructure were collected through structured interviews, physical measurements, and qualitative interviews. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations, with p-values <0.001 considered statistically significant. Results: The study revealed a significant rise in CVD prevalence in Bangladesh over the past decade (2010: 7.2%, 2015: 8.5%, 2020: 10.1%). Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and obesity were strongly associated with CVDs (p < 0.001). Socioeconomic disparities were evident, with lower-income, less-educated, and rural individuals at higher risk. Healthcare infrastructure challenges included uneven access to specialized care. Conclusion: The study highlights the escalating burden of CVDs in Bangladesh and underscores the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors, reducing disparities, and strengthening healthcare infrastructure. Comprehensive interventions, informed by this research, are essential to combat the CVD epidemic and improve population health in Bangladesh.